Plasma leakage and intrinsic coagulopathy are the pathological hall marks in dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf. Concerning the natural history of dengue, as previously mentioned, an incubation period of 58 days followed by the onset of a highpeak fever, headache, malaise and myalgia with a rash. It is almost always responsive to appropriate antibiotics. Dengue dengue hemorrhagic hemorrhagic fever fever pathogenesis and pathophysiology alan alan r. Learn more dengue clinical case management elearning pathophysiology of severe dengue. Much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of the different manifestations of dengue virus denv infections in humans. Dengue is the most common and important mosquitoborne viral infection and can manifest as dengue fever df, which is often a selflimiting febrile illness or less commonly dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf. Pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue virus. Since most reported dengue cases were from urban areas, the seropositivity rate of. This video aims to describe the mode of replication of dengue virus and the pathophysiology of dengue. Dengue fever nursing care planhigh risk for fluid volume deficit.
Burke, evidence that maternal dengue antibodies are important in the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever in infants, american journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, vol. In large part, this limitation is related to the lack of a suitable animal model of disease. Thrombocytopenia, preventitive, arbovirus, bleeding, hemorrhage introduction dengue fever df is the most common mosquitoborne human viral illness worldwide, and has rapidly spread to reach hyperendemic proportions in the urban tropics over the last quarter of a century. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever 1 dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever information for health care practitioners dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, 2, 3, and 4. Pathophysiology complete free ebook download as pdf file. Dec 07, 2018 dengue is also known as breakbone fever, hemorrhagic fever, dandy fever, infectious thrombocytopenic purpura. Substantial gaps remain in the comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue virus infections. Rhesus monkeys develop viremia similar in pattern to humans after dengue virus challenge but do not develop clinical disease. May 03, 2019 classic dengue fever is marked by rapid onset of high fever, headache, retroorbital pain, diffuse body pain both muscle and bone, weakness, vomiting, sore throat, altered taste sensation, and a centrifugal maculopapular rash, among other manifestations. Histologic, viral, and molecular correlates of dengue fever liver histopathology and biological correlates in five cases of fatal dengue fever in vietnamese children.
The endemic area for dengue fever extends over 60 countries, and approximately 2. Anatomy and physiology dengue fever free download as word doc. The clinical spectrum of the disease ranges from dengue fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Summary much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of the different manifestations of dengue virus denv infections in humans. Mechanism of dengue virus entry into cells uncovered by research. Pleural effusion is excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluidfilled space that surrounds the lungs. Infection with one serotype of denv provides immunity to that. Nutritional status of children with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Pdf pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a fatal manifestation of dengue virus that manifest with bleeding diathesis and hypovolemic shock. National center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases. Coagulopathy in dengue infection and the role of interleukin6. The viruses that cause dengue fever are related to those that.
Pathophysiology and treatment of fever in adults uptodate. Dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever pathophysiology. Dengue hemorrhagic fever pathophysiology diagram scribd. It is a viral infection where a human acts as the reservoir while the disease is transmitted by mosquitoes. Dengue fever virus is an rna virus of the family flaviviridae. Dengue pronounced as dengee dengue fever is a highly debilitating mosquitoborne disease mostly seen in tropical countries. Infection with one serotype of denv provides immunity to that serotype for life, but provides no longterm immunity to other serotypes. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a. Come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays. Classic dengue fever is marked by rapid onset of high fever, headache, retroorbital pain, diffuse body pain both muscle and bone, weakness, vomiting, sore throat, altered taste sensation, and a centrifugal maculopapular rash, among other manifestations. A study on clinical presentation of dengue fever in children. As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of denv are considered major determinants in the pathogenesis of.
Pathophysiology complete immunodeficiency dehydration. Today, dengue is the most frequent arbovirus infection with more than 100 million cases annually throughout the world, including up to 0. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a severe, potentially deadly infection spread by certain species of mosquitoes aedes. Pathophysiology consists in part of the description of general changes of internal environment e. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Dengue hemorrhagic fever case study linkedin slideshare. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne viral disease caused by 1 of 4 closely related but antigenically distinct serotypes of dengue virus, serotypes denv1. Pathophysiology of severe dengue centers for disease. Although the most obvious and concerning etiology is. Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Other members of the same genus include yellow fever virus, west nile virus, st.
Bacterial dysentery is serious and can be life threatening. Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and its impact. This increase is believed to be to be due to multiple factors. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The infection causes flulike illness, and occasionally develops into a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue.
Respiratory symptoms, such as cough, sore throat, and rhinorrhea, can occur. Overview dengue is a mosquitoborne disease cause by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv 1,2,3 and 4. The two major categories of stroke are ischaemic lack of blood and hence oxygen to an area of the brain and haemorrhagic bleeding from a burst or leaking blood vessel in the brain stroke. They may range from subclinical infection to dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and eventually dengue shock syndrome dss. Get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more. There is no treatment other than supportive care, although good supportive care has a dramatic impact on mortality. The pathology of dengue hemorrhagic fever sciencedirect. As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of denv are considered major determinants in the pathogenesis of dengue, there is a critical need for adequate tropism assays, animal models, and human autopsy data. Once you are infected with one of the dengue viruses, you will develop immunity to that. Dengue infectious diseases merck manuals professional edition.
Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. Thrombocytopenia with hemorrhagic manifestations warrants platelet transfusions. It may be a friend dubois 1946 fever, the heat that heals benjamin 1959 body temperature core temperature 37 0. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause the west nile infection and yellow fever. Pathophysiology a stroke occurs when the blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted, resulting in some degree of permanent neurological damage. Antibodydependent enhancement of disease and severe dengue. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Treatment of acute dengue is supportive, using either oral or intravenous. Dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by a flavivirus. As shown in a negeri sembilan study in 2010, the highest number of dengue cases 81. Although infection with the dengue virus denv is associated with a self. Beginning in the 1950s, at the time when four different denvs were discovered, a lethal variant of dengue emerged.
The most widely cited hypothesis for this occurrence is antibody dependent enhancement ade of disease. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america. Pathophysiology of dysentery what you need to know. Perubatan ud54 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Severe dengue most commonly occurs among infants and patients with secondary dengue virus denv infections i. Department of health and human services centers for. Dengue hemorrhagic fever pathophysiology diagram free download as word doc. Dengue infection is caused by 4 antigenically distinct dengue virus serotypes. The severity of the pain led to the term breakbone fever to describe dengue. Pathogenesis of vascular leak in dengue virus infection.
Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and is caused by one of four dengue viruses. These children were further categorized as dengue fever 8%, dengue hemorrhagic fever 51% and dengue shock syndrome 42%. Dengue fever presents in a nonspecific manner and may not be distinguishable from other viral or bacterial illness. Pathophysiology dengue hemorrhagic fever virus scribd. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Spak spak dengue virus family flaviviridae genus flavivirus enveloped, single strand rna viruses genomic rna 11 kb and encodes 3 structural proteins. Fever fever fever is defined as an elevation in body temperature resulting from disease fever is merely a symptom and we are not sure that it is an enemy. According to the pan american health organization paho, the clinical description of dengue fever is an acute febrile illness of 27 days duration associated with 2.
Dengue is a febrile illness that can have a fatal outcome in severe cases. Pathophysiology and management of dengue hemorrhagic fever. A prospective nested casecontrol study of dengue in infants. Dengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdss initially observed in southeast asia now has spread throughout the world. Dengue infection is caused by any of four dengue virus serotypes. The major pathophysiologic hallmarks that distinguish dhf from df and other diseases are increased vascular permeability leading to plasma leakage and circulatory collapse dengue shock. Explain and illustrate the pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever nursing care plan high risk for fluid. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. Life cycle of the dengue fever virus hhmi biointeractive video duration. Pathophysiology dengue hemorrhagic fever free download as word doc. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne virus disease that has rapidly spread to several regions in recent times. Dengue virus denv infections of humans were long thought to be selflimited and of low mortality. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito.
Viral virulence, infection enhancing antibodies, cytokines and chemical mediators in the setting of intense immune activation are the key players implicated in the pathogenesis of dhf. It would present with persistent diarrhea, sometimes bloody. World health organization, regional office for southeast asia. Dengue hemorrhagic fever pathophysiology free download as word doc. Ive tried sifting through articles from the who, cdc, nih, medicinenet, etc. Distribution of reported dengue cases were more concentrated in urban areas.
The disease is characterized by increased capillary permeability, thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. In this study we have made an attempt to describe the variety of clinical presentation of dengue fever, risk factors and complications of the illness in children. It is an essential tool to take a look in a nursing care plan designeddengue fever nursing care planhigh risk for fluid volume deficit for. Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and its impact on.
Who, comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, 2011. Pathology of dengue virus infection and dengue hemorrhagic. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by infection with one of four dengue viruses denv transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes during the taking of a blood meal. Dengue fever, an infectious tropical disease caused by a mosquitoborne virus, afflicts millions of people each year, causing fever, headache, muscle and joint pains and a characteristic skin rash. Dengue fever usually results in abrupt onset of high fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, and generalized lymphadenopathy, followed by a rash that appears with a 2nd temperature rise after an afebrile period. Infection may be asymptomatic or present with a broad range of clinical manifestations including a mild febrile illness to a lifethreatening shock syndrome. Doctor answers on symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more. Common name of the disease is breakbone fever haddi tod bukhar hdi taod baukar. Increased urinary heparan sulfate excretion has been detected in children with severe infection. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. It is an essential tool to take a look in a nursing care plan designeddengue fever nursing care planhigh risk for fluid volume deficit for patients with dengue fever.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever nursing care management and study guide. Mar 15, 2016 dengue hemorrhagic fever case study 1. Dengue fever develops from dengue virus infection following a mosquito bite. Dengue fever laboratory criteria isolation of dengue virus from serum or autopsy samples demonstration of a 4fold or greater change in reciprocal igg or igm antibody titers to one or more dengue virus antigens demonstration of dengue virus antigen in autopsy tissue, serum or csf by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, or elisa detection of dengue virus genomic sequences in autopsy. It is a caused by a flavivirus with four distinct serotypes dv1, dv2, dv3, and dv4. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever d. They are rna viruses that belong to the flavivirus genusflaviviridae family, which also includes the yellow fever virus, west nile virus, japanese encephalitis virus, zika virus, and the st louis encephalitis virus. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and caused by one of four dengue viruses that are closely related.
Although dhf can develop in patients with a first episode of dengue infection, it. Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Nov 14, 2006 dhf is characterized by sustained high fever for 27 days. Transmission of denv has increased dramatically in the past two decades making denv the most important human pathogens among arthropodborne viruses 1. Dengue virus infection has been counted among emerging and reemerging diseases because of 1 the increasing number of patients, 2 the expansion of epidemic areas, and 3 the appearance of severe clinical manifestation of dengue hemorrhagic fever dhfdengue shock syndrome dss, which is often fatal if not properly treated. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. Sep 17, 2010 aetiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of dengue infection dr lee oi wah peg. Pathophysiology of dengue fever 1 free download as word doc. Mar 12, 2020 dengue is an infection caused by a virus. Aetiology,pathophysiology and diagnosis of dengue infection. The incidence of dengue has multiplied many times over the last five. Denv and denv nonstructural protein1 can adhere to heparan sulfate, a key structural element of the glycocalyx.